1648 and All That: The Scottish Invasions of England, 1648 and 1651. Proceedings of the 2022 Helion and Company 'Century of the Soldier' Singleton Charles
The resumption of conflict between 1648 and 1651 is frequently referred to as the Second and Third Civil Wars. The period marked not only a return to war, but to a bloodier, more violent conflict that…
Specifikacia 1648 and All That: The Scottish Invasions of England, 1648 and 1651. Proceedings of the 2022 Helion and Company 'Century of the Soldier' Singleton Charles
The resumption of conflict between 1648 and 1651 is frequently referred to as the Second and Third Civil Wars. The period marked not only a return to war, but to a bloodier, more violent conflict that had perhaps been seen before in the British Isles. Massacre, summary executions, wonton destruction and assault on the civilian population were commonplace. In early 1648 a political faction called the 'Engagers' gained control of the Scottish Government and sent an army into England to support numerous pro-Royalist risings across the country. Poorly equipped and trained with low morale, the Scottish 'Engager' Army and its Royalist allies were no match for the New Model Army led by Cromwell. The two sides met at Preston in August 1648 and after an initial clash, the Scots finally surrendered at Warrington two days later.Following the execution of Charles Ist in January 1649, the