T.O.B.A. Time: Black Vaudeville and the Theater Owners' Booking Association in Jazz-Age America Scott Michelle R.
T.O.B.A. Time: Black Vaudeville and the Theater Owners' Booking Association in Jazz-Age America Scott Michelle R. Black vaudevillians and entertainers joked that T.O.B.A. Scott's institutional…
Specifikacia T.O.B.A. Time: Black Vaudeville and the Theater Owners' Booking Association in Jazz-Age America Scott Michelle R.
T.O.B.A. Time: Black Vaudeville and the Theater Owners' Booking Association in Jazz-Age America Scott Michelle R.
Black vaudevillians and entertainers joked that T.O.B.A. Scott's institutional history details T.O.B.A.'s origins and practices while telling the little-known stories of the managers, producers, performers, and audience members involved in the circuit. stood for "tough on black artists." But the Theater Owner's Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) played a foundational role in the African American entertainment industry and provided a training ground for icons like Cab Calloway, Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, Sammy Davis Jr., the Nicholas Brothers, Count Basie, and Butterbeans and Susie.Michelle R.
against the backdrop of what entrepreneurship and business development meant in black America at the time. Looking at the organization over its eleven-year existence (1920-1931), Scott places T.O.B.A. Scott also highlights how intellectuals debated the social, economic, and political significance